Abstract: Proteomics is widely used in biological, pharmaceutical and pathological areas as a hot research topic in the post-genome era. The research areas of proteomics mainly cover qualitative analysis, such as protein expression profiles, protein post-translational modifications, protein-protein interactions, single cell proteomes, as well as proteome relative and absolute quantitative analysis. Mass spectrometry is an essential tool in proteome researches because of its sensitivity, accuracy and high throughput. In this paper, the identification and quantitative methods of proteomics based on mass spectrometry were reviewed, and the development direction of proteomics in the future was also prospected.