Abstract: The major chemical compounds in the ethyl acetate extract from Ficus pandurata Hance aerial roots were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF MS). The ESI-MS analysis was operated at the mass range of m/z 100-800 under both the positive and the negative ionization modes, respectively. A total of 34 compounds, such as 12 phenolics, 8 coumarins, 9 flavonoids, 4 fatty acids, and 1 anthraquinone, which are characterized in the ethyl acetate extract, based on the accurate mass of molecular and product ions provided by Q-TOF MS, comparison with standard substances and references. It is an effective method to provide chemical information concerning the constituents in herbal medicines, which makes component analysis more convinced.