Abstract: Root of Rubus xanthocarpus was extracted with ethanol, followed by methanol dissolving. Then water was added to the methanol solution, and extracted by petrolic ether. The essential chemical components from Rubus xanthocarpus were analyzed by GC/MS. Twenty-two components from Rubus xanthocarpus were identified by library search, which accounted for over 98.32% of total volatile components. The main components are 4-methyl-2-ethylhexane (14.79%), trans-1-methoxy-1-butene （13.41%）, 2,3,3-trimethylhexane （10.24%）, (1-methoxy-1-pentyl)cyclopropane（10.22%），N,N-dimethylt-butylamine (9.23%), cyclohexane （8.55%）, 1,1-dimethoxy-2-butyne （6.34%）, 2-methyl-2-ethyl ethylene oxide（6.25%）, heptane （4.38%）, n-undecane （3.6%）, 1-iodoteradecane （2.6%）.