Abstract: The volatile compounds from flowers and leaves of fresh Ocimum basilicum L. were collected by solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The chemical constituents were separated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC/MS). A quantitative analysis in percent was performed by peak area normalization measurements. Fifty and fifty-five peaks in flowers and leaves of fresh Ocimum basilicum L. are detected respectively. Thirty-three and forty-three species of chemical components are identified by GC/MS. The contents of the identified compounds extracted from flowers and leaves are 97.7% and 94.3% of the total volatile substances, respectively. Estragole, 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol, camphor, caryophyllene are the most abundant volatile compounds released from flowers and leaves fresh Ocimum Baxilicum L..