Abstract: The chemical components of the volatile oil from Xinjiang Coriandrum Sativum L. seed were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The volatile oil was extracted by steam distillation. The extraction yield of volatile oil was w =0.78%. The operating conditions were HP 5 column (30 m×0.32 mm×0.25 μm) and flame ionization detector(FID). The amount of the components from the volatile oil were determinated by peak area normalization method and the components were identified by GC/MS. Twenty one compounds were identified and the amount of the identified components account for 99.84% of all the volatile oil. The main components include aliphatic hydrocarbons, terpenes and their oxygenated derivtives, among which linalool, endo borneol, α fenchene, 1 methyl 5 (1 methylethenyl) cyclohexene and ( Z ) 2,7 dimetheyl 5 yen 3 octen have higher relative contents. The method is reliable and stable.